The goal of controlling welding stress is to reduce its peak value and make it evenly distributed

1.减小焊接拘束度：尽量使焊缝在较小拘束度下焊接，尽量不用刚性固定的方法控制变形,以免增 大焊接拘束度。

1. Reduce the welding restraint: try to weld the weld under a small restraint, and try not to control the deformation by rigid fixation, so as not to increase the welding restraint.

2.采取合理的焊接顺序：在焊缝较多的组装条件下，应先焊收缩量较大的焊缝，后焊收缩量较小的焊缝；先焊拘束度较大而不能自由收缩的焊缝，后焊拘束度较小而能自由收缩的焊缝。

2. Adopt reasonable welding sequence: under the assembly condition of more welds, the weld with larger shrinkage should be welded first, and then the weld with smaller shrinkage should be welded; First, weld the weld with larger restraint but not free shrinkage, then weld the weld with smaller restraint but free shrinkage.

3.减小焊缝尺寸：在满足设计要求的条件下，不应加大焊缝尺寸和层高，要转变焊缝越大越安 全的观念。

3. Reduce the weld size: under the condition of meeting the design requirements, the weld size and layer height should not be increased, and the idea that the larger the weld is, the safer it is should be changed.

4.锤击法减小焊接残余应力：在每层焊道焊完后，立即用圆头敲渣小锤或电动锤击工具均匀敲击焊缝金属，使其产生塑性延伸变形，并抵消焊缝冷却后承受的局部拉应力。

4. Hammering method to reduce welding residual stress: immediately after each layer of weld bead is welded, the round head slag hammer or electric hammering tool shall be used to knock the weld metal evenly, so as to produce plastic extension deformation and offset the local tensile stress of the weld after cooling.

5.采用抛丸机除锈：通过钢丸均匀敲打来抵消构件的焊接应力。

5. Shot blasting machine is used to remove rust: the welding stress of components is offset by even tapping of steel shot.

6.降低焊件刚度,创造自由收缩的条件。

6. Reduce the rigidity of weldment and create the condition of free shrinkage.

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